1. A Chalky White Band at the Waterline
The most obvious sign is a rough, white or gray band running along the tile at the water's surface. This is calcium carbonate (from plaster pools) or calcium silicate (harder, often from newer pool finishes) that has bonded to the tile as water evaporated and minerals concentrated.
2. Rough Texture You Can Feel
Run a hand along the tile line — if it feels gritty or sandpaper-like rather than smooth, scale has already built up enough to change the surface texture. This stage is still very treatable with professional descaling before it thickens further.
3, 4, and 5: Cloudy Tile, Grout Discoloration, and Faster Re-Buildup
Glass and ceramic tile losing their shine under a dull film, grout lines turning white or yellow, and noticing scale return within just a few months of your last cleaning are all signs that calcium levels in your pool water and tile surface need professional attention rather than another round of DIY scrubbing.